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Toronto Notes 2019
Differential Diagnoses of Common Presentations
Ophthalmology OP3
Meibomian gland
Figure 3. Tear drainage from the eye (lacrimal apparatus)
Lacrimal gland
Fundus of lacrimal sac
Nasolacrimal duct
Inferior concha
Lacrimal canaliculus
Differential Diagnoses of Common Presentations
Loss of Vision
Loss of Vision
Transient Acute (seconds to days) (seconds to hours)
Chronic (weeks to months)
Cornea/Anterior Vitreous/Retina/ Cortical/Other Segment Optic Nerve • Occipital
• Corneal edema • Vitreous infarction/ • Hyphema hemorrhage hemorrhage
Cornea/Anterior Segment
• Corneal
Vitreous/Retina/ Cortical/Other
• Transient ischemic
attack (TIA) • Migraine
with aura
Figure 4. Loss of vision
Red Eye
Table 1. Common Causes of Red Eye
Lids/orbit/lacrimal system
Hordeolum/chalazion Blepharitis Entropion/ectropion
Foreign body/laceration Dacryocystitis/dacryoadenitis
Conjunctiva/sclera
Subconjunctival hemorrhage Conjunctivitis
Dry eyes
Pterygium Episcleritis/scleritis Preseptal/orbital cellulitis
•Cortical blindness
dystrophy/ scarring/edema Refractive error Cataract Glaucoma
Optic Nerve • • AMD
• DR • •Retinalvascular
Pituitary adenoma Medication- induced (sildenafil, amiodarone) Nutritional deficiency
(bloodinanterior•RD
chamber)
• Acute angle-
closure
glaucoma
• Trauma/foreign
body
• Retinal artery/ vein occlusion • Acute macular
lesion
• Optic neuritis
• Temporal arteritis • Anterior ischemic
optic neuropathy (AION)
•
Functional (non-organic, diagnosis of exclusion)
• • •
•
• •
insufficiency Compressive
optic neuropathy • (intracranial mass,
Cornea
Foreign body (including contact lens) Keratitis
Abrasion, laceration
Ulcer
Anterior chamber
Anterior uveitis (iritis, iridocyclitis) Acute glaucoma
Hyphema (blood in anterior chamber) Hypopyon (pus in anterior chamber)
Trauma
Post-operative endophthalmitis Pharmacologic (e.g. prostaglandin analogs)
orbital mass) Intraocular neoplasm Retinitis pigmentosa
Other
• Papilledema
© Jenn Tse 2006